Its called swine flu because in the past, the people who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that. Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza ah1n1. How to maintain surveillance for novel influenza a h1n1 when. A novel strain of influenza a h1n1 virus emerged and an outbreak of influenza a h1n1 occurred worldwide in 2009 and 2010, posing a severe threat to the health of human beings. Novel h1n1 influenza swine flu novel influenza a h1n1 is a new emerging flu virus that first caused illness in mexico in the spring of 2009. Influenza ah1n1 virus resistance to oseltamivir 2008. The successful culture of viable viruses from environmental samples is technically difficult and thus relatively insensitive as a bioassay of infectivity 21, 22.
Selected legal issues congressional research service 2 the thenacting hhs secretary issued a nationwide public health emergency declaration in response to human infections from the influenza ah1n1 virus on april 26, 2009. First, as the majority of human population has little or no preexisting immunity to the virus, the impact of the infection has been in a wider age. April 15 first human infection with new influenza a h1n1 virus detected in california. Historical perspective emergence of influenza a h1n1.
Some persons have also reported diarrhea and vomiting. Us8835624b1 influenza a h1n1 subtypespecific aptamer and. Haemagglutinin causes red blood cells to clump together and binds the virus to the infected. Reassortment of strains of influenza a h1n1 of avian, porcine and human origin. Emergence of a novel swineorigin influenza a h1n1 virus in humans laboratory supplemental pdf icon 4. The killed vaccine was injected, while the live vaccine was given as. The present invention provides an influenza a h1n1 subtypespecific aptamer. Swine influenza a h1n1 or swine flu is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by one of several swine influenza virus a.
The hospitalisation rate during the 20092010 season was 5. By june 2009, the world health organization who had classified this strain as a pandemic virus, making it the first pandemic in 40 years. All counties in montana have reported at least one caseof influenza. Swine influenza is known to be caused in pigs mainly by 3 influenza a subtypes h1n1, h3n2 and h1n2 11. On june 11, 2009 the world health organization who announced that the pandemic alert was raised to the phase 6 on the alert scale, the highest level, to indicate that a pandemic caused by the influenza a h1n1 swine flu virus was in progress. Estimates of these quantities inform decisions about control measures, resource procurement and allocation, and responses to other public health needs. Influenza viruses that are normally found in swine are known as swine influenza viruses sivs. The designation h1n1 indicates unique traits, which exhibit characteristics that identify the virus to the immune system and allows for attachment and replication of the virus. Using random digit dialing, we sampled 12,965 hong kong residents in crosssectional telephone surveys between april and november 2009, covering the entire first wave of the 2009 influenza ah1n1 pandemic. Beginning in march 2009, an outbreak of influenza in north america was found to be caused by a new strain of influenza virus, designated influenza h1n1 2009, which is a reassortant of swine, avian. An hhs retrospective on the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic.
This new h1n1 virus contained a unique combination of influenza genes not previously identified in animals or people. This virus was designated as influenza a h1n1 pdm09 virus. Sep 15, 2010 in april 2009, a novel influenza ah1n1 virus emerged in mexico and rapidly spread around the world in the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. In virology, influenza a virus subtype h1n1 is the subtype of influenza a virus that was the most common cause of human influenza in 2009, and is associated with the 1918 flu pandemic.
The transmissibility and control of pandemic influenza a. The latter are composed of key genes from the 1918 virus, updated by subsequentlyincorporated avian influenza genes that code for novel surface proteins, making the 1918 virus indeed the mother of all pandemics. A summary of the first yearapril 2009may 2010 background the first influenza pandemic of the st21 century began in north america in early 2009. Influenza a h1n1 2009 monovalent vaccine, novartis. Influenza a h1n1, virus that is best known for causing widespread outbreaks, including epidemics and pandemics, of acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection. In europe, most countries reported regional or widespread activity with influenza a h3 viruses predominating. Nationally, influenza ah1n1 viruses are now the most commonly reported influenza viruses this season. The first half of the report mostly summarizes influenza surveillance information for this period, although some. Influenza a h1n1 2009 monovalent vaccine is an inactivated influenza virus vaccine indicated for active immunization of persons ages 6 months and older against influenza disease caused by.
In june 2009, the world health organization who declared a phase 6 pandemic the first pandemic in the 21 st century and the first in 41 years, when sustained community spread of swine flu occurred in multiple. The two editors work together in beijing you an hospital, to combat this type of influenza. The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 infection in china was identified on may 10, 2009. For this reason, they are described as h1n1, h1n2 etc. Current week 14 ending 442020 21 new influenza detections reported 2 new influenza related deaths reported this week. Clinical features of the initial cases of 2009 pandemic. The 2009 flu outbreak is due to a new strain of subtype h1n1 not previously reported in pigs. It was detected first in the united states and spread quickly across the united states and the world. Influenza a h1n1, also called influenza type a subtype h1n1, virus that is best known for causing widespread outbreaks, including epidemics and pandemics, of acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection. Influenza a virus h1n1 an overview sciencedirect topics. Influenza pandemic h1n1 of 2009, also called h1n1 flu, byname swine flu, the first major influenza outbreak in the 21st century, noted for its rapid global spread, which was facilitated by an unusually high degree of viral contagiousness. Influenza a h1n1 2009 is transmitted by respiratory droplets.
Us8835624b1 influenza a h1n1 subtypespecific aptamer. A look back at progress since the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. June 11, 2019 in 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza flu virus emerged to cause the first flu pandemic in 40 years. Pandemic h1n1, which first emerged in mexico in april, 2009, spread worldwide, resulting in more than,000 laboratoryconfirmed cases and 800 deaths in over 100 countries by midjuly. Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. By using us surveillance data april 12, 2009april 10, 2010 and vaccine coverage estimates october 3, 2009april 18, 2010, we estimated that the ah1n1 pdm09 virus vaccination program prevented 700,0001,500,000 clinical cases. The 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic, which was declared by the world health organization who in june 2009 and officially ended in august 2010, provided an important test of our nations preparedness activities and our ability to respond and adapt to a largescale, protracted. Previously, influenza bvictoria viruses predominated nationally. Influenza ah1n1 interim planning considerations for mass gatherings in the context of pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza, november 2009 pdf, 160 kb influenza public health preparedness. Influenza activity decreased during week 15 with 31 new cases reported. Season to date, 11,246cases, 488 hospitalizations, and 17 deaths due to influenza have been reported. Clinical management of human infection with pandemic h1n1. Swine influenza virus siv or swineorigin influenza virus soiv is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs.
Cdc estimates that so far this season there have been at least 34 million flu illnesses, 350,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths from flu. Do you know when and to whom to give each influenza vaccine. The global distribution of this novel strain prompted the world health organization to declare the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century in june 2009. The 2009 flu pandemic in the united states was a novel strain of the influenza ah1n1 virus, commonly referred to as swine flu, that began in the spring of 2009. Influenza virus h1n1 fact sheet morgridge institute for. Community psychological and behavioral responses through the. Interim who guidance for the surveillance of human. Clinical management of human infection with pandemic. Influenza viruses are split up into three broad groups known as influenza a, b and c.
Community psychological and behavioral responses through. The intent of the 2009 h1n1 after action report was to conduct an internal analysis of dhss actions and effectiveness in preparing for and responding to the 2009 h1n1 pandemic threat. The known siv strains include influenza c and the subtypes of influenza a known as h1n1, h1n2, h3n1, h3n2 and. This h1n1 virus has continued to circulate seasonally to this day. Influenza ah1n1 virus resistance to oseltamivir 20082009 influenza season, northern hemisphere 18 march 2009 during weeks 14 28 december 08 24 january 09, the level of overall influenza activity in the world increased.
The majority of cases of influenza a h1n1 2009 were mild and self limiting. These vaccines either contained inactivated killed influenza virus, or weakened live virus that could not cause influenza. Global dissemination of the virus was further expedited by the unprecedented rates of passenger travel. H1n1 influenza or swine flu is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of pigs caused by type a influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. However, the strain of h1n1 in the seasonal flu vaccine was different from the pandemic strain h1n109 and offered no immunity against it. Swine influenza also known as swine flu or pig flu is a respiratory disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the influenza a virus. Pandemic influenza a virus h1n1 2009 continued to circulate as a seasonal virus among the population during autumn and winter 20102011 with a recurrence of influenza morbidity. The most common influenza subtype identified this week was influenza b.
Prior to the h1n109 outbreak, who recommended that vaccines for the northern hemispheres 20092010 flu season contain an ah1n1 like virus, and stocks were made available. Response to novel influenza a h1n1 virus ramping up. A severe respiratory illness outbreak in mexico in march 2009. As of december 2009, the most prevalent circulating influenza virus was pandemic h1n1.
Background on h1n1 the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus previously called swine flu is a new strain of influenza virus. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of. The aptamer was selected in vitro using selex and a microfluidic chip system. Compiled by disaster information management research center, nlm, nih. Surveillance during the present pandemic of influenza a h1n1 pandemic h1n1 is needed to provide estimates of quantities such as disease incidence and rates of change of incidence, severity of infection, and risks to specific population groups. In april 2009, the united states began a response to the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus strain. The influenza a h1n1 virus is a member of the family orthomyxoviridae a group of rna viruses. Health information resources for the 2009 swine flu h1n1 influenza outbreak. Symptoms of h1n1 flu are similar to regular seasonal flu and include. Situation updates influenza ah1n1 disease outbreak news. A severe respiratory illness outbreak in mexico in march 2009 was later determined to be caused by the novel. As of 2009, the known siv strains include influenza c and the subtypes of influenza a known as h1n1, h1n2, h2n1, h3n1, h3n2, and h2n3. The relationship between the 2009 h1n1 pandemic strain and human seasonal h1n1 influenza a is a major source of confusion in the lay community.
Influenza a h1n1 2009 monovalent vaccine is an inactivated influenza virus vaccine indicated for active immunization of persons 6 months of age and older against influenza disease caused by. The virus had spread to the us from an outbreak in mexico. Centers for disease control and prevention is now tracking reports of human. The virus is of swine origin and spreads, like seasonal influenza, by aerosol transport but can also spread via fomites. In april 2009, a new influenza ah1n1 virus infection known also as swine flu emerged in mexico and soon spread around the world. Prior to the availability of an effective vaccine, strategies to mitigate the impact of the pandemic typically involved antiviral treatment of cases and nonpharmaceutical community interventions, with public health promotion of. S and others published swine flu and the current influenza a h1n1 pandemic in humans. It is an orthomyxovirus that contains the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In the 4 months since it was first recognized, the pandemic strain of a novel influenza a h1n1 virus has spread to all continents and, after documentation of humantohuman transmission of the virus in at least three countries in two separate world health organization who regions, the pandemic alert was raised to level 6.
An initial policy of quarantine was instituted, and the early cases were systematically monitor. Emergence of a novel swineorigin influenza a h1n1 virus in humans external icon. Below is a timeline of major events that took place during the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. Shope furthered the notion that the human pandemic strain of influenza a h1n1 and the infectious agent of swine influenza were closely related by showing that human adult serum could neutralize. Next generation sequencing at cdc revealed a new seasonal human influenza ah3n2 and ah1n1 pdm09 reassortant virus, rather than an influenza ah3n2 variant virus of swine origin. The h1n1 influenza center will also have links to the most uptodate news on the outbreak, including material from sources such as the world health organization and the centers for disease. The h1 hemagglutinin allele of the 2009 h1n1 human pandemic virus was derived from the classic h1n1 swine lineage, which, over the years, has diverged genetically and antigenically from the more rapidly. However, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Thus, the aptamer can be effective in detection of h1n1 influenza virus. The pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus differs in its pathogenicity from seasonal influenza in two key aspects. H1n1 influenza is a new strain of swine influenza a h1n1 caused by a respiratory disease of pigs. The 2009 flu pandemic vaccines were influenza vaccines developed to protect against the pandemic h1n1 09 virus. Influenza viruses are cultured in chick embryo and cell culture mdck. Influenza a h1n1 2009 monovalent vaccine is an inactivated influenza virus vaccine indicated for immunization of persons 4 years of age and older against influenza disease caused by pandemic.
Feb, 20 although the influenza virus is capable of surviving in air in the indoor environment there are no data regarding the stability of pandemic h1n1 2009 in aerosols. Field and epidemiologic investigations external icon. Influenza a is the most common type, and h1n1 is a type of influenza a. H1n1 2009 h1n1 seasonal a 20082009 influenza season. Influenza aerosols in uk hospitals during the h1n1 2009. The pandemic influenza ah1n1 2009 virus was confirmed in all deceased patients. Reassortment occurs when two influenza viruses infect a single host cell and exchange gene segments, creating a new virus. Before a 2009 global outbreak of h1n1 influenza, persontoperson transmission was limited. Pharmacological management of pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009 part i. In 2009, a new h1n1 influenza virus emerged, causing the first global flu pandemic in 40 years. The 20092010 influenza season is defined for the purposes of this report as october 4 th, 2009, through september 25 th, 2010. The aptamer is stable, establishing sensitivity about 100 times higher than antibody and high specificity to influenza a h1n1 subtype. In the spring of 2009, a novel influenza a h1n1 virus emerged. Epidemiology currently, who publishes weekly information from global influenza surveillance 5.
As h1n1 influenza continues to spread and more people become infected with the virus, apics message for iipw 2009 focuses on how consumers can stay healthy during this flu season. Interim who guidance for the surveillance of human infection with swine influenza ah1n1 virus 27 april 2009 introduction the audiences for this guidance document are the national focal points for the international health regulations ihr2005 and competent national. Because this virus is very different from current seasonal influenza viruses, many people will not have protective immunity against it and the seasonal flu vaccine will not protect against it either. Number of hospitalized pcrconfirmed 2009 h1n1 influenza cases, minnesota, april 2009 april 2010 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 1. The 2009 h1n1 pandemic was estimated to be associated with 151,700 to 575,400 deaths worldwide during the first year it circulated.
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